Bishnoi Village is located at a distance of 25 kilometers from Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Khejri tree groves, deer herds, peacocks and migratory birds make it a serene location.

Origin Of The Bishnois

The sect was founded by Guru Jambheshwar (b. 1451) after wars between Muslim invaders and local Hindus. He had laid down 29 principles to be followed by the sect. Bish means 20 and noi means 9. Thus, Bishnoi translates as Twenty-niners. Killing animals and felling trees were banned. Before his death, he has stated that the black buck was his manifestation after death and should be conserved. The Khejri tree (Prosopis cineraria), is also considered to be sacred by the Bishnois.

There are manmade lakes located in the Guda Bishnoi Village where migratory birds stop and drink water.

Lovers Of Wild-Animals

Bishnois are strong lovers of wild animals. It is because of their protection that in Bishnoi dominated areas, deer and antelope(such as blue bulls, black bucks, chinkaras and chowsinghas) are seen grazing peacefully in their fields.

Amrita Devi And The Khejarli Massacre

The origins of the Chipko movement can be traced back to the Bishnois. On a Tuesday (The 10th day of the month of Bhadrapad according to the Indian lunar Calendar) in 1730 A.D., Amrita Devi, a Bishnoi woman was at her home with her three daughters (Asu, Ratni and Bhagu bai) when she came to know that a number of people had descended on their otherwise sleepy village of Khejarli. The name Khejarli was derived from "Khejri", since these trees were found in abundance in the village.The people were a party of men sent by Maharaja Abhay Singh, the ruler of the kingdom of Jodhpur in the Marwar region, who wanted to fell green Khejri trees to burn lime for the construction of the Maharaja's new palace. Since there was a lot of greenery in the Bishnoi villages even in the middle of the Thar Desert, the king ordered his men to get the wood by cutting the Khejri trees.

Amrita Devi protested against the Maharaja's men who were attempting to cut green trees as it was prohibited according to Bishnoi principles. The malevolent feudal party told her that if she wanted the trees to be spared, she would have to give them money as bribe. She refused to acknowledge this demand and told them that she would consider it as an act of insult to her religious faith and would rather give away her life to save the green trees. It is at that stage she spoke these words:
Sar santey rookh rahe to bhi sasto jaan
(If a tree is saved even at the cost of one's head, it's worth it)

Saying these words, she offered her head. The axes, which were brought to cut the trees, severed her head. The three young girls Asu, Ratni and Bhagu were not daunted, and offered their heads too.

The news spread like wildfire. The Bishnois of Khejrali gathered and sent summons to their counterparts in eighty-three Bishnoi villages in the vicinity to come and decide on the next course of action. Since the supreme sacrifice by Amrita Devi and her daughters had not satisfied the royal party, and the felling of green trees was continued, it was decided that for every green tree to be cut One Bishnoi, volunteer would sacrifice his/ her life. In the beginning, old people voluntarily started holding the trees to be cut in an embrace as in the 20th Century Chipko Movement.
Despite many valiant old persons, giving away their lives, the Hakim (the royal party's leader) , Girdhar Das Bhandari, taunted the Bishnois that they were offering unwanted old persons. Soon, young men, women (including recently married ones) and children were sacrificing themselves in a similar manner.
There was intense pandemonium. The tree-felling party was badly shakhen. They left for Jodhpur with their mission unfulfilled and told the Maharaja about what had happened. Soon as he learnt about it, he ordered the felling of trees to be stopped.
By that time, three hundred and sixty three (363) Bishnois, young and old, men and women, married and unmarried, rich and poor, had already become martyrs.

Honouring the courage of the Bishnoi community, Maharaja Abhay Singh, apologised for the mistake committed by his officials and issued a royal decree, engraved on a copper plate ordering the following:

All cutting of green trees and hunting of animals within the revenue boundaries of Bishnoi villages was strictly prohibited.

It was also ordered, that if by mistake any individual violated this order, he would be prosecuted by the state and a severe penalty imposed.

Even members of the ruling family, would not shoot animals in or near Bishnoi villages.

Although, Bishnois paid a huge price for saving a few trees, this incident had inspired, and will continue to do so in future, many others to fight and protect trees and wild life.

Trivia

Bishnois are known to be very violent and aggressive in protecting trees and wildlife. It is said that if you are a hunter, then the worst thing that could happen to you is to be caught hunting by a Bishnoi.

Unlike most Hindu communities, Bishnois bury their dead instead of cremating them. This is because of the strict prohibition on the felling of trees, the wood of which is required for cremation.

In October, 1996, Nihal Chand Bishnoi sacrificed his life for protecting wild animals. A film, Willing to Sacrifice, based on his story won the award for the Best Environment Film at the 5th International Festival of Films, TV and Video Programmes held at Bratislava, Slovakia.

Amber Fort also known as the Amer Fort is located in Amber (Jaipur), which used to be the capital of the Kachhwaha clan, till Jaipur was made the official capital in 1727. The Amber Fort looks stunning, all-built in white marble and red sandstone. To add to its charm, Maotha Lake makes its foreground. The crystal mirror image of the Fort, on the still waters of the lake, seems to be a beautiful illusion. In 1592, construction of the Fort was started by Raja Man Singh I. However, the Amber Fort took its present form during the reign of Raja Jai Singh I.

The outer appearance of the Fort, being rough and craggy is totally different from its core. The interior of the Fort provides a soothing and warm ambience, which is least expected from its outer appearance. The marvelous decoration of the Amer Fort is influenced by both, the Hindu and Muslim manner of ornamentation. Exquisite paintings of hunting scenes on the walls depict the temperament of the Rajputs, who were adventurous, revolutionary and self-indulgent.

The intricate carvings on the walls and ceilings simply astonish the visitors. The minute mirror work adds to the grand appearance and royalty of the halls. The Amer Fort undoubtedly captivates the tourists with its artistic quality of delicate work. The mighty walls guarantee the protection of the Fort against the invasion of the enemies. The Fort is divided into four subparts.

Kali Temple, which is also known as Shila Devi Temple, forms the part of the Fort. It is renowned for its glorious past, huge silver lions and silver doors. The Hall of Public Audiences, Diwan-I-Aam is a pavilion with double row of columns. Ganesh Pol, another feature of the Fort, directs the way to the inhabited apartments of the King. The Hall of Victory, Jai Mandir has a stunning ceiling comprised of mirror work and an inlaid panel. The Fort has numerous other halls and pavilions with their own specific attraction.

The best part of this is situated on a crafty hill, the royal elephant ride. The flawless beauty of the Fort can be enjoyed royally with an elephant ride. Amber/Amer Fort is the part of Jaipur and its royalty. A trip to Jaipur would be definitely incomplete, without the visit to this imperial Fort of Amber.





How to reach

You can reach Amber Fort either by taking local buses from the jaipur city or by hiring taxis.

City Palace forms one of the most famous tourist attractions and a major landmark in Jaipur. The beautiful palace was built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh during his reign. Among the various forts and palaces of Jaipur, City Palace stands apart, with its outstanding art and architecture. City Palace complex covers a huge area, which is divided into a series of gardens, courtyards and buildings. Initially, Raja Jai Singh built the outer wall occupying a huge area. The additional grand buildings were constructed later by the succeeding rulers.

A part of the exquisite Palace still makes home for the former Maharaja/ King. The premises consists several buildings like Chandra Mahal, Mubarak Mahal, Mukut Mahal, Maharani's Palace, Shri Govind Dev Temple and the City Palace Museum. One would come across the Mubarak Mahal, as one enters the first square. Mubarak Mahal was built by Sawai Madho Singh in the 19th century to entertain his guests. Today, it has converted into a costume gallery, which displays royal attires of the Kings.

After crossing the first square, a beautiful gateway welcomes to Diwan-I-Khas, a hall meant for private audience. It has two sterling silver vessels on display and they are acclaimed to be the world's largest silver vessel. These vessels were made for Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh II to carry water from River Ganga to drink on his trip to England. Diwan-I-Aam, which was meant for public audience, forms the other attraction of this courtyard. At present, it makes an art gallery showcasing enthralling painted ceilings and rare ancient handwritten original manuscripts of Hindu scriptures.

In the series, Maharani's Palace, which was meant for royal queens, has been converted into a museum, showcasing weapons dated back to 15th century. Chandra Mahal is essentially regarded as the best part, out of the whole tour to City Palace. It has seven stories and each story is known by a different name. The topmost story is known as Mukut Mahal. The wonderful architecture of this Palace with delicate paintings, mirror work on walls and floral decorations, makes it a "must-see" for every visitor. In the present day, this palace serves as the residence of ex-ruler.

Badal Mahal stands opposite to Chandra Mahal and while crossing the path, one would find Govind Dev Ji Temple between them. Above all these, the Palace also offers delicacies in its multi cuisine restaurant. To sum up, the City Palace is a structure of historical importance and a souvenir of the regal past. The palace, with its royal grace stands as a symbol of magnificence. All these features of City Palace leave the tourists with no other option, but to visit it.

Udaipur was the capital city of the Rajput kingdom of Mewar, ruled by Sisodia clan. Before Udaipur, Chittorgarh was the capital of Mewar. But after the conquer of Chittorgarh by Mughal emperor Akbar in 1568, Umed Singh fled to Udaipur and founded a new city. It remained a part of the Mughal empire after prince Khurram crushed the Rajput resistance in 1614. During mid 17th century, the ruling Sisodia dynasty prospered under Mughal patronage. But with the decline of Mughal empire in 19th century, the Rajput kingdom reasserted its power and became a princely state of British India. After India gained independence in 1947, Mewar was integrated into India's Rajasthan state.

Places To Visit

Known as the city of lakes, Udaipur offers a wide range of tourist attractions

City Palace

Lake Palace

Built in 1746 by Jagat Singh, it was the summer residence of the ruler of Mewar. This magnificent white marble structure has balconies, terrace gardens, arched windows and the interiors are decorated with paintings, mirror & crystal. Now, it has been converted into a heritage hotel and offers some breathtaking views of the surroundings.

Lakes

Lakes are the major attractions of this city. Lake Pichola and Lake Fateh Sagar are the two most important lakes of the city. Surrounded by hills, palaces & temples these lakes offer boat trips that provides some evocative views to its tourists.


Geographical area & population

Located at the foot of the Aravali hills, the lake city of Udaipur is at an altitude of 577 m above sea level. With an area of 37 sq. km. the city has a population of 3,66,000 according to the 2001 census. The city lies between latitude 24.35 degree north and longitude 73.43 east. The city experiences a tropical climate with a maximum temperature of 38.3 degrees C during summer and a minimum of 11.6 degrees in winters. The annual total rainfall is 61 cm.

Geographical area of City : 37 sq. km.
Population of City : 3,66,000(2001 census)

The lake city of Rajasthan, Udaipur attract tourists from all over the world for its terrific lakes and magnificent historic monuments. The city also offers comfortable stay in various exotic heritage, luxury and budget class hotels with best hospitality. The hotels offers all kinds of modern facilities for making your tour to Udaipur a comfortable and memorable one. Amongst the leading hotels in Udaipur are :

Fairs & Festival of Udaipur

There are several festivals celebrated in Udaipur with much fanfare and enthusiasm by people of all walks of life. The Mewar festival is one of the most important festival of Udaipur, which is celebrated to welcome the advent of spring. Gangaur and Teej are other festivals which are celebrated with a lot of joy in different part of the city. Rituals associated with religions, cultural events including songs, dances are major part of each festival.

Access

The Lake City is easily accessible from all parts of India by Air, Rail & Road.

By Air
Maharana Pratap(Dabok) Airport is the nearest airport which is 24 km from the city centre. Regular flights connect the city with Delhi, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ahmedabad, Aurangabad & Mumbai.

By Rail
Indian Railway connects Udaipur to all the major cities of India via Chittorgarh. The heritage train Palace On Wheels also covers the city.

By Road
A good network of road service links it with all the major cities of Rajasthan & India. Udaipur is on the NH8 that links Delhi to Mumbai via Jaipur and Ahmedabad.

Standing almost 30 m above the city of Jaisalmer is the Jaisalmer fort. The fort is also known as the Sonar Quila. This is because standing against the backdrop of the desert with its golden sand, the fort looks straight out of a fairy tale. Sonar Quila of Jaisalmer is a massive complex comprising of a palace, various security sources, the havelis of rich merchants, several temples and the residential complexes of the armies and traders.

During the reign of the Bhatti Rajputs, the Merchant community acquired great deal of power. They constructed huge mansions (havelis) adjacent to each other. The havelis of merchants have decorations on walls and ceilings and carvings on outdoors and interiors. The sandstone mansions of the merchants were built by stone craftsmen. The sculptural filigree, screen windows, delicate pavilions and beautiful balconies of the mansions are worth paying attention to. Even today, these examples of superb architecture stand inhabited.

Also enclosed within the fort is an entire living area within huge ramparts. The walk to the fort, through the narrow lanes, is an experience in itself. Leading to the fort are its four gates Ganesh Pol, Suraj Pol, Bhoot Pol and Hawa Pol. The Jaisalmer fort of Rajasthan also encompasses a group of Jain temples dating back to the 12th century.

Reaching Jaisalmer Fort

By Air
The nearest airport is at Jodhpur, 285 Km away from Jaisalmer.

By Rail
Jaisalmer is connected to rest of India by well-laid railway tracks.

By Road
Jaisalmer is connected to other parts of Rajasthan and neighboring states by a well-developed network of roads.

Perched on a 150 m high hill its sprawl is the most formidable and magnificent fort in Rajasthan. Rao Jodha founded it in 1459 but subsequent rulers of Jodhpur have also added to it over the centuries. A meandering road leads to the from the city 5 kms below. Battle scars of canon ball hit by attacking armies of Jaipur can still be seen on the second gate.

To the left is chhatri of Kirat Singh Soda, a soldier who fell on the spot while defending the fort against the armies of Amber. There are seven gates, which include Jayapol meaning victory built by Maharaja Man Singh to commemorate his victories over Jaipur and Bikaner armies. Fattehpol also meaning victory gate was built by Maharaja Ajit Singh to mark the defeat of Mughals.

And Lohapol meaning iron gate has a moving memorabilia on palm print of the queens of Maharaja Man Singh who threw themselves on his funeral pyre in an act of sati [self-immolation]. The palm imprints still attract devotional attention and are covered by vermilion paste and paper-thin silver foil.

Mehrangarh fort is about 5km from Jodhpur Town. Guarding the city below, crowning a perpendicular cliff, the fort was founded by Rao Jodha in 1459 AD when he shifted his capital from Mandore.

Standing sentinel to the city below, it over looks the rugged and rocky terrain and houses a palace intricately adorned with long carved panels and latticed windows exquisitely wrought from red sandstone.

The apartments within, have their own magic -the Moti mahal (Pearl Palace), Phool Mahal (Flower Palace), Sheesh Mahal (Mirror Palace), Sileh Khana and Daulat Khana with a rich varied collection of palanquins, howdas, royal cradles, miniature paintings of various schools, folk music, instruments, costumes, furniture and an impressive armoury.

The display of cannons on the ramparts near Chamunda temple is among the rarest in India. As you climb up, folk musicians revive the grandeur of a bygone era.

Fort Museum

This is one of the finest museums in Rajasthan and certainly the best layed out. In the palanquin section of the fort museum, you can see an interesting collection of old royal palanquins including the elaborate domed gilt Mahadol palanquin, which was won in a battle from the Governor of Gujarat in 1730. The museum exhibits the heritage of the Rathores in arms, costumes, paintings and decorated period rooms.

Phool Mahal

The grandest of Mehrangarh's period rooms, the Phool Mahal was in all likely hood a private and exclusive chamber of pleasure dancing girls once swooned in exhaustion here under a ceiling rich in gold filigree. The Phool Mahal was created by Maharaja Abhaya Singh (1724-1749) and the gold came from Ahmedabad in Gujarat as war booty after his famous victory over the rebellious Mughal governor, Sarbuland Khan. The paintings, royal portraits and the ever-popular raga mala, came much later, in the reign of Jaswant Singh II.

Jhanki Mahal



The Jhanki Mahal, from where the royal ladies watched the official proceedings, in the courtyard, today houses a rich collection of the royal cradles. The cradles are decorated with gilt mirrors and figures of fairies, elephant and birds

In 1458, secure in his dominion, Jodha became the fifteenth Rathore ruler. The Raj Tilak or formal anointment of the prince, necessary because it vests in the man divinity, was performed by his elder brother Akhairaj, Ranmal's rightful heir who renounced his claim in favor of his younger brother because the latter had reconquered every inch of Marwar himself..

Within a year of his accession Rao Jodha decided to build a new capital. The fort in Mandore, already over a thousand years old, was no longer considered strong and safe. In doing so he bequeathed to India one of her greatest forts and most beautiful cities.

The foundation of this fort was laid on 12th May,1459 by Jodha himself on a rocky hill six miles south of Mandore. The hill, a hundred and twenty meters high, was known as Bhakurcheeria, the Mountain of Birds, or Cheeriatunk, the Bird's Beak. Its lone human occupant at the time was an old hermit called Cheeria Nathji, the Lord of the Birds.( Even today the fort is home to thousands of birds, particularly the Cheel or Kite, the sacred bird of the Rathores.)

Auspicious though the day, it was not a smooth beginning for Jodha because the disturbed hermit left his cave cursing the invaders of his solitary world. His curse, impossible to forget even today, "Jodha! May your citadel ever suffer a scarcity of water!" A terrible curse anywhere, in Marwar heralding doom itself. Undeterred Jodha continued with his construction but he did take some measures to appease the gods. Besides building a house for Cheeria Nathji in his new city he also constructed a temple in the fort very near the cave the hermit used for meditation. The cave and temple together with a pond in front form an enchanting spot today. And over five hundred years later fresh flowers are still placed every morning in the temple to placate the irate hermit...

Jodha then took the extreme step to ensure the new site proved propitious; he buried a man alive in the foundations. The man was Rajiya Bambi (Meghwal) and he was promised that in return his family would forever more be looked after by the Rathores. It was a promise that has been honored and Rajiya's descendants continue to enjoy a special relationship with the Maharaja. A proud family they still live in Raj Bagh, Rajiya's Garden, the estate bequeathed by Jodha.

Rajiya's fate is an established fact of history but there are sources, albeit less reliable, which record three other human sacrifices in the foundations of Jodha's fort. Four in all, one for each corner if these sources are to be believed. Of the three one is held to be Rajiya's son and another a Brahmin named Mehran, both improbable choices. It seems unlikely that Jodha would pick two men from the same family and a Hidu king sacrificing a Brahmin or priest does not ring quite true.

The controversy remains alive because these sources claim that Jodha named his new fort after Mehran. Today the fort is indeed called Mehrangarh, Mehran's Fort, and it has been for some time, but the origin of this name remains a mystery. Did Mehran really exist and was he offered to the gods? For the present these are secrets trapped in the depths of Bhakurcheeria. On the other hand the answer may, in fact, be quite simple; Mehr is a Rajasthani word for the Sun and it is not at all unlikely that the Rathores, who claim descent from the Sun, would name their first citadel in His honor.

Whatever Jodha named his fort, a citadel on which he spent all of rupees nine hundred thousand, it was very different from what the present Maharaja of Jodhpur, Gaj Singh II, inherited four hundred and ninety three years later. To begin with, it was much, much smaller; the extremities of the original fortress fall within the second gate today. As the Rathores grew more powerful Mehrangarh, at once a symbol of their glory and the basis of their strength, expanded. Every ruler left his mark and therein lies Mehrangarh's beauty, for it is today a magnificent blend of different reigns and ages, styles and influences, compulsions and dreams...

Its towering battlements, a hundred and twenty feet high, and stern walls, in places six meters thick, testify to the strength of Rao Maldev (1532-1562) in whose reign the Rathores reached the zenith of their power. The palaces, extravagant and exquisite edifices of peace and prosperity, whisper a thousand secrets; of machiavellian intrigues, dazzling riches and decadent pleasures under the imperial Mughal umbrella (1582-1739). The main gates, Fateh Pol and Jai Pol, sing of great victories, against the Mughals in 1707 and the Jaipur forces a hundred years later; while the lofty ramparts, fiercely brandishing Maharaja Abhaya Singh's (1724-1749) war trophies, proclaim them to the world...

Mehrangarh has never, not even once, been taken in a siege. Invincible and mighty, inspiring awe, admiration, envy and fear in friend and foe alike, Mehrangarh is the very spirit of the Rathores. Indeed, no historian, no white-whiskered royal retainer, no chronicle, no ballad, no poem can rival the Citadel of the Sun in bringing alive the story of the Rathores of Jodhpur. Every mile-stone in their adventure, every triumph, every act of courage is immortalized here in stone and mortar, marble and metal. The palaces, lavished with delicate friezes, record successful campaigns; cart-loads of war booty and caravans laden with imperial favor. The cenotaphs recount stirring tales of valor and sacrifice; cannon-ball marks on the walls speak of repulsed enemies; the hand-prints, tiny and graceful on the portals, weep in remembrance of faithful queens lost to the flames of Sati...

In 1459 AD, Rao Jodha, chief of Rathore clan of Rajputs, who claimed descent from Rama, the epic here of the Ramayana, laid the foundation of Jodhpur. A high stone wall protects the well-fortified city. The wall is nearly 10km in length and has eight gates facing various directions.

A valiant sentinel in the desert, on the eastern fringe of the Thar desert has the distinction of neither being a part of the Thar desert nor out of it. At best it is a doorway to the wonderland of sand dunes and shrubs, rocky terrain and thorny trees. The home of the Rathroes - the awesome princely state of Rajasthan. They conquered Marwar or Maroodesh, land of the sand after the fall of Delhi and Kannauj.

Within, stands an imposing fort on a low range of sandstone hills, about 125m above the surrounding plains. Invincible! And dauntless in its league with time! The city lies at the foot of the hills. The clear distinction between the old and the new city is visible from the ramparts of the fort.

On the other side of the city, facing the fort is the Umaid Bhawan Palace. One of the most spacious, sprawling and well-planned palaces in India. And from here, as you look at fort, a tantalizing view rises before your eyes at sunset.

The peculiar slant of the sunset lends the desert landscape an awe-inspiring glow and the people, a chivalry undaunted. This bustling desert city is the second largest city in Rajasthan after Jaipur and has landscape dominated by the massive Meherangarh Fort topping a sheer rocky ridge. The old city is fenced by 10 km long wall with eight Gates leading out of it. The new city is outside the walled city. Rao Jodha, a chief of the Rathore clan, founded the city in 1459 and it is named after him.

The Afghans drove the Rathores out of their original homeland Kaunaj and they fled to this region around Pali a short distance from present day Jodhpur. A manoeuvre lead to marriage between Rathore Siahaji and the sister of a local prince that helped the Rathores to establish and strengthen themselves in this region. In fact they flourished so well that managed to oust the Pratiharas of Mandore, just 9 km of present day Jodhpur.

By 1459 a need for more secured capital lead to the founding of Meherangarh Fort on its rocky perch and Jodhpur was thus founded by Rao Jodha. The Rathores enjoyed good relations with the Mughals and Maharaja Jaswant Singh (1678) supported Shah Jahan in the latter's struggle for war of succession. Only problematic relationship they had was with Aurangzeb.

After Auranzeb's death Maharaja Ajit Singh drove out Mughals from Ajmer and added it to Marwar. In the reign of Maharaja Umed Singh Jodhpur grew into a fine modern city. The quintessence of Jodhpur was its valour and equestrian skill. Polo has been the traditional sport of the Jodhpur nobility since medieval times.

Jodhpur has two railway stations, City and Rai ka Bagh both are outside the walled city. The bus stand is right outside the Rai ka Bagh Station. The High Court is a while from the bus stand after the Umed Gardens, after which is located the tourist reception centre and RTDC Hotel Ghoomer. Ahead is the main market and entry in to the wall from Sojati Gate.

This area also has many hotels. Jodhpur is also military and air force station and has a large cantonment and airbase.


Places to Visit

Mehrangarh Fort

Jaswant Thada

Built in the memory of Maharaja Jaswant Singh II , in 1899 , the imposing white marble memorial marks the site of a royal crematorium. The cenotaph houses portraits of successive rulers. These four cenotaphs commemorate notable acts of bravery, generosity of the four successive rulers.
Timings 0900 to 1700 hrs.

Umaid Bhawan Palace

Built by Maharaja Umaid Singh (1929 -1942) and named after him, this exquisite palace is also known as Chittar Palace because of the local chittar sandstone used. It is a splendid example, of Indo-colonial and art deco style of the 30s. A unique feature of this palace is the fact that the hand chiseled sandstone blocks have been put together in a special system of interlocking, there is not mortar binding.

Government Museum

Nestling in the middle of the Umaid Public Garden, this museum houses a rich collection of exhibits - armoury, textiles, local arts and crafts, miniature paintings. Portraits of rulers, manuscripts and images of Jain Tirthankars. Umaid Public Garden houses a zoo also. Timing : 1000 to 1630 hrs (Friday closed).

Girdikot & Sardarkot Market

Throbbing with activity, the colourful bazaar, near Clock tower, has narrow lanes dotted with tiny shops selling exquisite Rajashani textiles, handicrafts, clay figurines of camels and elephants, marble curios with inlay work and exquisite Rajasthani silver jewelry.

Maha Mandir Temple

Leterally, the great temple, a place where sacred glory reigns in a peaceful tranquility. Situated on Mandore road, the temple is an architectural splendor, supported by 84 pillars and ornamented with detailed designs and figures depicting various postures of Yoga. The entire structure is marked by a unique and original style.

The city has an interesting legend associated with it, according to which, lord Krishna- the head of Yadav clan foretold Arjuna that a remote descendent of the Yadav clan would build his kingdom atop the Trikuta Hill, His prophecy was fulfilled in 1156AD. When Rawal Jaisal, a Bhatti Rajput abandoned his fort at Lodurva and founded a new capital Jaisalmer, perched on the Trikuta Hill Bhatti Rajputs of Jaisalmer were fedual chief who lived off the forced levy on the caravans laden with precious silks and spices that crossed the territory enroute Delhi-or Sind. These seems to be straight out of the “Tales of the Arabian Night” still enchants.


The life within the citadel conjures up images of medieval majesty visible in its narrow lanes strewn with magnificent palaces, havelis, temples and of course skilled artisans and ubiquitous camels. the setting turn Jaisalmer into a beautiful golden brown is a spectacular sight.

The perfect time to visit the golden city is during the Desert Festival held in Jan/Feb. every year, when the city reverberates to the sound of melodious tunes and rhythms. Folk dances, exciting competitions and contest, especially the turban raying contest.

Mr. Desert contest and camel races enliven the festivals colorful craft bazars are setup for the occasion and a sound and light spectacle is organized with folk artistes performing against the spledid backdrop of the famous sam sand dunes on the full moon night. Surely a not-to-be-missed events.

Its like straight out of an Arabian Nights fable. The name Jaisalmer induces a dramatic picture of utter magic and brilliance of the desert. The hostile terrain not with standing the warmth and colour of people is simply over whelming. One of the main draws is the daunting 12th century Jaisalmer Fort. The beautiful havelis which were built by wealthy merchants of Jaisalmer are yet another interesting aspect of the desert city.

And you can let your eyes caress the sloppy sand dunes while you ramble your way in a camel safari. The desert citadel is truly a golden fantasy in Thar Desert. Bhatti Rajput ruler Rawal Jaisal, after whom the city finds its name, founded Jaisalmer in 1156.

On advice of a local hermit Eesaal he chose the Tricut Hills as his new abode abandoning his vulnerable old fort at Luderwa just 16 kilometres northwest. In Medieval times, its prosperity was due to its location on the main trade route linking India to Egypt, Arabia, Persia, Africa and the West. The Bhatti Rajput rulers lined their coffer with gains from traditional taxes on passing by caravans and sometimes through illicit gains by rustling cattle.

Over the years the remote location of Jaisalmer kept it almost untouched by outside influences. In the 13th century Ala-ud-din Khilji Emperor of Delhi besieged the fort for nine years in an effort to take back the treasure taken by the Bhatti Rajput from his imperial caravan train. When the fall of the fort was imminent the women of the fort committed Jauhar, an act of mass self-immolation, while men donned saffron robes and rode to their certain death.

Duda son of Jaitasimha, a Bhatti hero also perished in the battle. Dudas descendants continued to rule Jaisalmer. In 1541 they even fought Mughal Emperor Himayun. Though their relations with Mugshal was not always hostile. Sabala Simha won the patronage of Mughal Emperor Shaha Jahan for battle distinctions in Peshawar and the right to rule Jaisalmer. In the days of Raj, Jaisalmer was the last to sign the Instrument of Agreement with the British.

Ages have gone by and the monuments of Jaisalmer have withstood the buffeting winds of the desert all through. Jaisalmer is a marvel of beautiful culture and harsh climatic conditions, together amounting to a memorable experience. The old city was completely encircled by wall but much of it is now pulled down sadly for want of building material in recent years.

The massive golden fort, which is the essence of Jaisalmer, is entered through First Gate. Is a burrow of narrow streets complete with Jain Temples and old palaces. The main market the Bhatia Market is right below the hill. The bank, offices and several shops are also located near the Amar Sagar Gate to the west.


Places To Visit

Jaisalmer Fort

Gadsisar Lake

A scenic rain water lake with numerous beautiful shrines around and a spectacular avian variety. The lake is an idyllic spot for outings.

Tazia Tower

A pagoda like structure looming up from the "Badal Mahal" with beautiful Taazias' - ornately decorated bamboo, paper and tinsel replicas of a bier, carried out in processing during Moharram by the Muslims.

Nathmal ji ki Haveli

The late 19th century haveli with intricate architecture a display of sheer craftsmanship. The left and right wings of the mansions, which were carved by two brothers, are not identical but very similar and balanced in design. The interior walls are ornate with splendid miniature paintings.


Patwa ki Haveli

The most elaborate and magnificient of all the Jaisalmer havelis. It has exquisitely carved pillars and exquisitely carved pillars and extensive corridors and chambers.
One of the apartments of this five story high haveli is painted with beautiful murals.

Salim Singh ki Haveli

This 300 year old Haveli of Jaisalmer's Prime Minister to Maharaja Rawal Gaj Singh Salim Singh, has a beautiful blue cupola roof with superby carved brackets in the form of peacocks. This extraordinary mansion in yellow stone is covered with intricate carvings and has an elaborate projecting balcony on the top storey.
The mansion is one of the most notables of the array of havelis.

Jain Temples

The fort has three exquisitely carved Jain temples dedicated to the Jain Tirthankara-Rishabdev, Sambhavnath and Parswanath.

Gyan Bhandar of Library

Some of the oldest manuscripts of India are found in this library established as a part of jain temples


How To Reach

Air
Jaisalmer has an airport, which is located 5km from the city center and is well linked by air with New Delhi, Jaipur and Jodhpur. However it is managed by the Indian Air Force and is operational only from September to March. So Jodhpur airport at a distance of about 285 km is the better option.

Rail
Jaisalmer is well connected by rail with Jodhpur as well as other major cities of India including Agra, Jaipur, New Delhi and Mumbai.

Road
Jaisalmer has a good network of roads and is well connected to other cities of Rajasthan including Jaipur, Jodhpur and Bikaner and major cities of India.

Jal Mahal of Jaipur is a pleasure palace built in the 18th century. Situated amidst the picturesque Mansagar Lake, the palace has the Nahargarh hills forming its backdrop. Jaipur Jal Mahal Palace is an architectural beauty and was meant to be used for the royal duck shooting parties. Developed as an enjoyment spot, it is entered through a causeway situated in the middle of Mansagar Lake. Jal Mahal of Jaipur, Rajasthan is a five-story palace, with the first four floors being submerged under water. The Nahargarh Fort situated nearby offers a splendid view of the lake as well as the palace. You can also get magnificent views of the Jal Mahal place of Jaipur from Mansagar Dam on the eastern side of the lake. The Mansagar Lake is also a bird watcher's paradise as it serves as the home of a variety of local as well as migratory birds. Opposite the palace are the cenotaphs of the royal family.

Hawa Mahal is a major landmark and a famous tourist attraction of Jaipur. The Palace offers a beautiful sight to behold. The splendid Rajputana architecture of Hawa Mahal, still speaks the glory of the royal family. However, one can also find a glimpse of Mughal architecture, which is blended perfectly to make it different from others. The literal meaning of Hawa Mahal is Palace of Winds. Hawa Mahal was built by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh in 1799.

Hawa Mahal is a pyramid-shaped facade with five stories. It has 953 small windows decorated with tiny lattice work. These pink sandstone windows commonly known as "Jharokhas" are constructed in such a style, that it looks like a giant honeycomb. The air circulation through windows represents the marvelous touch of Mughal designing, which keeps the Palace always cool. The small screened balconies and arched roofs with hanging cornices enhance the beauty of the Palace. The Pyramidal outline and replication of pattern makes it more attractive in appearance.

As a matter of fact, Hawa Mahal is believed to build for the women of the Royal Families, since they had to observe strict "purdah" (cover). The small windows and screened balconies serve the women to watch processions and different activities taking place on the streets. In this manner, the women could enjoy a sense of freedom without showing themselves.

Early morning is considered as the best time to visit the Palace, when it is drenched in the golden light of the Sun. At this time, Hawa Mahal appears incredible. One cannot possibly describe the beauty of the Palace in words. The golden light of the early morning sun floats beautifully through the windows of this palace creating a wonderful sight for one and all. The palace has to be visited to experience the true beauty.

Located on the north of the state Rajasthan, the camel country Bikaner is one of the three main destinations of the desert circuit cities of Rajasthan. It was founded by the Rathore prince Rao Bikaji a descendant of founder of Jodhpur, Rao Jodhaji. During medieval period the city was an important trading route to the West Asian countries. The city is popular in all over world for its best riding camels and architectural wealth lying in its marvelous forts, palaces and temples.




Climate of Bikaner

Due to its proximity to the desert, the city experiences a hot and humid climate with high temperature difference. During summer the average temperature varies between 48 and 28 degrees C and it winter it is between 22 and 4 degrees C. In monsoon the city receives an average rainfall of about 26-46 cms.

Places To Visit

Junagarh Fort

Built by Raja Rai Singh between 1588 to 1593, the fort complex was bounded by a 986 meter long wall with two entrances. The Suraj Pol is the main entrance to the fort. There are several palaces within the fort complex including Chandra Mahal, Phool Mahal, Rang Mahal and Ganga Mahal. Paintings, mirrors, marble carvings are the major attractions of these palace. The museum inside the complex has a collection of valuable objects. The fort is open daily from 10 AM to 4.30 PM.

Lallgarh Palace

This architectural beauty of red sandstone was built by Maharaja Ganga Singh in 1902,in the memory of his father Maharaja Lal Singh. The entire palace complex was built by Sir Swinton Jacob and is a blend of Rajput, Muslim and European style architecture. Its intricate carvings on red sandstone is the prime feature of its craftsmanship. The palace complex also houses a museum named the Shri Sadul museum with a rich collection of armory, paintings, portraits and various other antique objects. A part of the palace has now converted into a heritage hotel runs by the Rajasthan Tourist Development Corporation(RTDC). It is open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM except Sundays.

Ganga Golden Jubilee Museum

Run by the Government of Rajasthan, this museum was established in 1937 on the eve of the golden jubilee celebration of Maharaja Ganga Singh. It has a rich collection of local art & crafts, sculpture, terracotta, armory, miniature paintings and several historical records in terms of Mughal Farmans. It is open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM except Friday and all gazetted holidays.

Camel Research Centre

Established in the year 1984, this research centre conducts applied research for improvement of camel breeding. It remains open daily from 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM for the visitors.

Camel Festival

Celebrated every year in the month of January, the Camel Festival is organized by the Department of Tourism, Art & Culture Government of Rajasthan. Folk dances, music, decorated camel procession, camel races, camel dances and various other interesting cultural performances are the prime features of this festival.

Getting to Bikaner

By Air
The nearest airport service is at Jodhpur at a distance of 240 km.

By Rail
Indian Railway connects Bikaner with all the major destinations of Rajasthan & other parts of north India. Also the luxury heritage train Palace on Wheels covers the city in its week long tour.

By Road
Bikaner is well connected by road to some of the major cities of Rajasthan and nearby states.

By Local Transport
Taxis and auto rickshaws are the major modes of local transport

Jaipur, the pink city was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, a Kachwaha Rajput, who ruled from 1699-1744. Initially his capital was Amber (city), which lies at a distance of 11 km from Jaipur. He felt the need of shifting his capital city with the increase in population and growing scarcity of water. Jaipur is the first planned city of India and the King took great interest while designing this city of victory. He consulted several books on architecture and architects before making the lay out of Jaipur.

After several battles with Marathas, Jai Singh was keen on the security aspect of the city. Due to this reason, he focused on his scientific and cultural interests to make a brilliant city. Being, a lover of mathematics and science, Jai Singh sought advice from Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, a Brahmin scholar of Bengal, to aid him design the city architecture. Vidyadhar referred the ancient Indian literature on astronomy, books of Ptolemy and Euclid, and discussed the plan with the King.

With a strategic plan, the construction of the city started in 1727. It took around 4years to complete the major palaces, roads and square. The city was built following the principles of Shilpa Shastra, the Indian Architecture. The city was divided into nine blocks, out of which two consist the state buildings and palaces, whereas the remaining seven blocks were allotted to the public. In order to ensure the security, huge fortification walls were made along with seven strong gates.

According to that time, architecture of the town was very advanced and certainly the best in Indian subcontinent. In 1853, when the Prince of Wales visited Jaipur, the whole city was painted pink to welcome him. Today, the neat and broadly laid-out avenues, painted in pink provide a magical charm to the city[neutrality disputed]. Jaipur is rich in its cultural and architectural beauty, which can be traced in the various historical and aesthetic places that reside in the city. This city of victory really wins the hearts of the people with its splendid charisma.

In the 19th century the city grew rapidly and became prosperous; by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. The city's wide boulevards were paved and lit with gas. The city had several hospitals. Its chief industries were in metals and marble, fostered by a school of art founded in 1868. The city also had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college (1865) and a girls' school (1867) initiated under the reign of the enigmatic Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II. There was also a wealthy and enterprising community of native bankers, particularly the Jains and the Marwaris.

In 1876, Jaipur dressed itself pink to welcom Prince Albert and Queen Elizabeth II, and thus the name “Pink City” stuck to it. Now the capital of the desert state of Rajasthan, it has the rightful blend of rich heritage monuments, palaces and lakes and gardens with the modern buildings and shopping arcades

Places To Visit

Amber Fort or Amer Fort

Hawa Mahal

Jal Mahal

Laxmi Narayan Temple

Rambagh Palace

One of the finest bird sanctuaries in the world, Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is located in the northwestern state of Rajasthan India. Also known as 'Keoladeo Ghana National Park',Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is famous as an 'Ornithologist's Paradise'. The sanctuary is the only manmade wildlife sanctuary in India, developed by an erstwhile Maharaja of Bharatpur. The sanctuary covers an area of approximately 29 sq km, 10 sq km of which comprises of fresh water marshes, shallow lakes and bogs. The favorable environmental conditions combined with enough nutritious food for the birds at Bharatpur Bird sanctuary attracts thousands of indigenous as well as migratory birds every year including the world-renowned Siberian Cranes. About one third of the total birds here are migrants many of whom come in winter before returning to their breeding grounds as far away as Siberia and Central Asia. The Sanctuary was given the status of the National Park on 10th March 1982, and was declared a World Heritage Site in December 1985.

Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is home to over 400 species of unique, exotic and rare birds that include indigenous as well as migratory water birds including the world-famous Siberian Cranes. The sanctuary also shelters some of the rare and endangered species of birds, making it one of the most inviting destinations in the world for ornithologists and nature lovers.

But, the greatest attraction for the bird lovers visiting Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary are undoubtedly, the world-renowned Siberian Cranes, who spend their winters in Bharatpur, the only second habitat for them in the world. Other important and most commonly spotted birds at Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary are Pelicans, Cranes, Ducks, Eagles, Hawks, Pipits, Warblers, Wheatears, Wagtails, Flycatchers, Buntings, Larks, Shanks, Painted storks, Pipits, White Ibis, Cormorants, Pale, Marsh Harriers and Stints to name a few with. Thousands of Moorhens and Jacanas can also be spotted in the floating vegetation on the water surface of the park.





Wildlife Attractions at Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

The main attractions for tourists visiting the National park/ sanctuary are the migratory birds, which come from Siberia and Central Asia to spend winters in Bharatpur, before returning to their breeding grounds. Some of the important migratory birds at Bharatpur bird sanctuary include numerous species of Cranes, Pelicans, Geese, Ducks, Eagles, Stints, Wagtails, Hawks, Shanks, Warblers, Flycatchers, Buntings, Wheatears, Pipits and Larks.

Flora at Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary representing 64 families, 181 genera and 227 subspecies. Besides, you can spot a wide variety of wild animals including three types of wildcat- the Jungle cat, Leopard cat and Fishing cat-, Sambar, Chital, Chinkara, Blackbuck, Nilgai and wild boar among many others. The Sanctuary is also home to a variety of reptiles including the Rock Pythons, Frogs, Toads, Water Snakes, Snails, Leeches, Turtles, Tortoises, Water Hyacinth, Planktons and more. The Rock Pythons can be spotted at the python point beyond the Keoladeo Temple. In addition, the fresh water marshes, lagoons and bogs in the Bharatpur National Park supports a variety of fish population.

You can also enjoy an exciting boat safari in Bharatpur National Park to explore the natural beauty of the park and spot a variety of colorful and exotic birds. An early morning or a late evening boat ride in the artificial lake of the sanctuary can be an enchanting and rewarding experience for bird watchers. You can also hire a rickshaw to spot birds in the park. Rickshaw drivers have been well trained by the park management and can be quite helpful in your bird spotting adventure.


Best Time to Visit Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

Bharatpur Wildlife Sanctuary/ National Park is open throughout the year but the ideal visiting months are from August-November for resident birds and October- February for migratory birds.


How to Reach Bharatpur Bird/Wildlife Sanctuary

By Air

The nearest airport is situated at Agra, which is 56-kms from Bharatpur. Delhi is 184Kms from Bharatpur.

By Rail/ Train

Regular rail services connect Bharatpur with all the major cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur and Agra. The Bharatpur railway station is about 6 Kms from the park/bird sanctuary.

By Road

An excellent network of roads connects Bharatpur to all the major cities of the Rajasthan and the neighboring states like Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana. Bharatpur is well connected by road from Agra (56-kms, 5 hours), Delhi (184-kms, 6 hours) and Jaipur (176-kms, 6 hours).

General Info / Tips for Bharatpur

It is advised that you carry a pair of binoculars for bird watching. A number of factors combine to make bird watching a pleasure. These are season, timing, and patience so it's better to visit the Bharatpur bird sanctuary during the visiting period.

Bharatpur is one of the most visited cities in the state of magical Rajasthan, India. The travel site Magical Rajasthan Tours also offers online reservations for Bharatpur City Guide package.

The eastern Gateway to Rajasthan is one of the most important cities in the state of Rajasthan, India. The city of Bharatpur is predominantly known for its Keoladeo Ghana National Park around the globe. The park is also called the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary.

Dating back to epic era, the city of Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India, has a rich & exotic history. Some archaeological remains of epic period can be seen in the Bharatpur Museum. Bharatpur city is named after Bharat, the brother of Lord Rama. Maharaja Suraj Mal, an adopted son of Badan Singh, founded this city in the year of 1733 AD. Erstwhile this city was an unconquerable fortified city, carved out of the region formerly known as Mewat. Maharaja Suraj Mahal seized the fort of Bharatpur from the rival chief – Khemkaran. Bharatpur wad the stronghold of the Jats in the 17th and 18th century.

Modern Bharatpur is known for its famous Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary – a haven for birds, Bharatpur Palace & Government Museum, Ganga Mandir, Laxman Mandir and Loha Garh Fort – the Iron Fort. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is the most popular national parks in India which provide a safe haven for birds. The sanctuary is right place for viewing the various species of birds, Siberian crane, other migratory birds and other wildlife attractions. Ganga Mandir and Laxman Mandir are also worth visiting. Ganga Mandir is architecturally beautiful. This architectural marvel was built by Maharaja Balwant Singh in the year of 1845. Laxman Mandir is dedicated to the younger brother of Lord Rama, Laxman. This temple is also architecturally beautiful built.

The other major attraction of the city of Bharatpur is Loha Garh Fort (the Iron Fort). For the purpose of strength and defense of the city of Bharatpur, the massive Lohagarh Fort was built. The fort was attacked by British for several times. The Lohagarh Fort is known not for its beauty but for power & strength. The fort has a huge gate built with eight metals and decorated with huge elephant paintings. There are some palace in the Lohagarh Fort complex like Khas Mahal, Kishori Mahal, Jawahar Bhuj, Moti Mahal and Fateh Bhuj.

How to get there

By Air:
Nearest airport Agra (54 km) from Bharatpur, Agra has daily flights for Delhi, Bombay, Varanasi (via Khajuraho) and Lucknow

By Rail:
Bharatpur is on the main Delhi - Bombay line with regular connections to Mathura, Sawai Madhopur and Kota on the same route. It is also connected with Agra

By Road:
Bharatpur is well connected by road with Agra, Mathura, Delhi and Jaipur. Regular bus services operate for all major cities.

Road distance to important places from Bharatpur : Agra 55 kms Fatehpur Sikri 22kms Mathura 39kms Delhi 184 kms Jaipur 176 kms Alwar 117 kms.

Sariska Tiger Reserve is well nestled in the Aravali Hills covering 800 sq km area divided into the grasslands, dry deciduous forests, sheer cliffs and rocky landscape. Whether you want to have camel safaris, go out for shopping in the surrounding places, visit medieval palaces or wildlife watching; Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary is the best place for you.



Nearly 90% of the area in the sanctuary is covered with dhok trees accommodating various wildlife species. A variety of other wild animals like the leopard, sambhar, chital, nilgai, four-horned antelope, wild boar, rhesus macaque, langur, hyena and jungle cats are found in the Sariska Tiger Reserve apart from the tiger. The Sariska National Park is home to India's largest population of peafowl, and harbours quail, sand grouse, golden- backed woodpeckers and crested serpent eagles, among other species. Also the Siliserh Lake on the edge of the park has a large number of crocodiles.

The Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary houses the ruins of medieval temples of Garh-Rajor that date back to the 10th and 11th centuries. Also a 17th century castle on a hilltop at Kankwari provides a panoramic view of flying vultures and eagles. The Sariska was declared a sanctuary in 1955 and attained the status of a National Park in 1979.

Sariska park is home to numerous carnivores including Leopard, Wild Dog, Jungle Cat, Hyena, Jackal, and Tiger. These feed on an abundance of prey species such as Sambar, Chitel, Nilgai, Chausingha, Wild Boar and Langur.


About Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary

Sharp cliffs of hills and narrow valleys of the Aravallis dominate the landscape of Sariska, whose forests are dry and deciduous. Within the Sariska wildlife sanctuary there are the ruins of medieval temples of Garh-Rajor, belonging to the 10th and 11th centuries.

A 17th century castle on a sharp hilltop at Kankwari, provides a panoramic view of flying Egyptian vultures and eagles. The area was declared a sanctuary in 1955 and became a National Park in 1979.


Major Wildlife Attractions

Sariska park is home to numerous carnivores including Leopard, Wild Dog, Jungle Cat, Hyena, Jackal, and Tiger. These feed on an abundance of prey species such as Sambar, Chitel, Nilgai, Chausingha, Wild Boar and Langur. Sariska is also well known for its large population of Rhesus Monkeys, which are found in large numbers around Talvriksh.

The avian world is also well represented with a rich and varied birdlife. These include Peafowl, Grey Partridge, Bush Quail, Sand Grouse, Tree Pie, Golden backed Wood Pecker, Crested Serpent Eagle and the Great Indian Horned Owl.


How to Reach

The town closest to Sariska is Alwar, and the park itself lies off the Delhi-Alwar-Jaipur highway, just over 100 km from Jaipur, and about 200 km from Delhi. Alwar, a mere 21 km from Sariska, is the nearest railhead, and has frequent trains from Deeg, Bharatpur, Jaipur and other towns

Best Time To Visit - October to June


Do's and Dont's

Take official guides along with you on the park trip.
Do not disturb the animals during daytime as most of the nocturnal animals sleep during daytime.
Do not try to irritate or annoy the animals by teasing them.
Picking of plants and insects is strictly prohibited.
Do not smoke inside the park.
Do not use flash or intrusive photography.
Walking and hiking within the vicinity of the park is not allowed.
Camping and picnicking is prohibited within the park.
Carry plenty of water along with you.
Wear loose fitting and simple clothes that blend with the park surroundings.

It is the oldest working engine in the world. The engine was built in the year 1855 and acquired by the Eastern Indian Railways from a British firm. Now the train is one great means of transportation that departs from the Delhi encampment and reaches its destination at Alwar, in Rajasthan.

The train for its services has won National Tourism Award, which gives a reasonable idea about its importance as well the services rendered by it.

The train travel also comprises travel to the famous wildlife sanctuary of Alwar Sariska National Park. ‘

The train has air-conditioned coaches with the capacity for 50 passengers. The train also has a pantry and features on board catering. The railway department also organizes cultural programs at Sariska, which form a part of the travel. Trips to the wildlife sanctuary score an additional feature

For a peaceful weekend trip between Delhi and Alwar , the Fairy Queen comes to the rescue of those bored with the same old blase ways of traveling around the place.

The Indian Railways are the best option a tourist can ever have while traveling within India to get to know the cultural diversity of the country.

Indian tourism department has tried its level best to present the tourist with a time of their life while travelling in Fairy Queen and the attractions that come with the tour package is certainly hard to resist. First stop is the picturesque town of Alwar in Rajasthan on the day when it departs from Delhi . After departing from Alwar the guests are taken to the Sariska Tiger Reserve for an over night stay. Accommodation provisions are done at the Heritage hotel Sariska Palace and for entertainment there are cultural programs and last but not the least Jeep Safari in the Tiger Sanctuary.

The Fairy Queen with the privileged ones abroad reaches the picturesque town of Alwar in Rajasthan the same day, from where the guests will be taken to Sariska Tiger Reserve for an overnight stay. Milkcake (a kind of sweet) made in Alwar is not only very famous in India but is also exported from the country.

"Alwar" was formerly known as "Ulwar". This placed it in last position in alphabetically ordered lists, so a king renamed it to "Alwar" to bring it to the top.Till the 11 A.D. this area was ruled by a powerful Bargujar Chief. The princely state of Alwar was founded by Pratap Singh, a Rajput of the Kachwaha lineage, in the second half of the 18th century. His adopted son, Bakhtawar Singh, aided the British against the Marathas. After the battle of Laswari (1803), Alwar became the first state of Rajputana to sign a treaty of 'Offensive and Defensive Alliance' with the British East India Company. A few years later, Bakhtawar Singh ventured an armed incursion into neighbouring Jaipur, the senior Kachwaha state, and the erstwhile overlord of his predecessor. Bakhtawar Singh was defeated; a fresh engagement was made with him by the HEIC, prohibiting him from political intercourse with other states without British consent. During the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, Raoraja Bane Singh sent a force comprised mainly of Muslims and Rajputs, to relieve the British garrison in Agra. The Muslims deserted and the rest were defeated by the rebels. Pran Sukh Yadav, who fought beside Rao Tula Ram of Rewari in 1857, settled along with the kinsmen of dead soldiers at Village Nihalpura, Behror Tehsil, of Alwar District. Kishorpura Village of Bansur Tehsil is dominated by Bhati clan of Gurjar Community.

Following the independence of India in 1947, Alwar acceded unto the dominion of India. On March 18, 1948, the state merged with three neighbouring princely states (Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli) to form the Matsya Union. This union in turn merged unto the Union of India. On May 15, 1949, it was united with certain other princely states and the territory of Ajmer to form the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan.

Local attractions

The city has a beautiful lake and a picturesque valley.

The Sariska National Sanctuary is a must visit place

Also Oldest Working Engine called Fairy Queen runs here. It departs from the Delhi and reaches its destination at Alwar,Rajasthan

Ajmer (Ajaya-meru in Sanskrit) was founded in the late seventh century by Dushyant Chauhan. He established the Chauhan dynasty which continued to rule the country while repeated waves of Turkish invasion swept across India. Ajmer was conquered by Muhammad of Ghor, founder of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1193. Its internal government, however, was handed over to the Chauhan rulers upon the payment of a heavy tribute to the conquerors. Ajmer then remained feudatory to Delhi until 1365, when it was captured by the ruler of Mewar. In 1509 Ajmer became a source of contention between the maharajas of Mewar and Marwar, and was ultimately conquered by the Marwar ruler in 1532. Ajmer was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1559. It continued to be in the hands of the Mughals, with occasional revolts, till 1770, until it ceded to the Marathas. From that time up to 1818 Ajmer was the scene of an ongoing struggle, being seized at different times by the Mewar and the Marwar maharajas, from whom it was often retaken by the Marathas. In 1818 the Marathas sold Ajmer to the East India Company for 50,000 rupees. Since then Ajmer has enjoyed stable governance even though during the 1857 War of Independence, some Indian sepoys at the garission in the nearby town of Nasirabad joined the revolt. In the British Raj, Ajmer was governed by an Agent to the Governor General overseeing Rajputana. After independence in 1947, Ajmer retained its position as a centrally administrated state under a Chief Commissioner for some time. Ajmer was eventually merged with the State of Rajasthan.

Places of interest

The chief objects of interest are

Pushkar

The Ajmer Dargah

Taragarh Fort

The mammoth Taragarh Fort is one of the major attractions of Ajmer city. The fort overlooks the city and has six entrances. The fort houses Miran-Saheb-ki-Dargah. The gigantic Taragarh Fort offers an excellent view of Ajmer city. The fort has rich history and significant archaeological importance.

Adhai-Din-Ka-Jhopra

A much old-fashioned version of the modern mosques, this Indo-Islamic stunning success was built in 'Adhai Din' meaning 'two and a half days'. It has a front screen wall with seven pointed arches and distinctive pillars and arched screen with ruined minarets.

Ana Sagar Lake

The artificial lake named after Anaji Chauhan is a popular picnic spot for the people of Ajmer. It has a 'Baradari' surrounded by beautiful parks and elegant pavilions. It was built by Shah Jahan to pass time during his long stays in Ajmer. The catchments have strong Rajasthani influence to their constructions as the locals built them.


Weather

Ajmer weather is a typical desert type. In the summer time, the climate of Ajmer is very hot and in winters, it is quite cool. Both in summers as well as in winters, there is a wide difference in the day and night temperature. Regarding the average temperature in summers (from April to June), the maximum is around 45° C. The winters in Ajmer stretch from November to February. The winters of Ajmer are quite chilly. In the monsoon season, the first rain covers the city in green. All the small mountains of the city start becoming green with the first drop of rain. The climatic conditions of Ajmer, Rajasthan are the best during the period of October to March, making it the ideal time to visit the city.

Pushkar is a sacred town for the Hindus, situated 11 kms. to the North-West of Ajmer. The charm of this sleepy, lakeside settlement so captivated the great Indian poet, Kalidas,that it found a place in his classic, Abhigyan Sakuntalam. The Great Hindu epics of Mahabharat and Ramayana make references to this religious place regarded to be Adi Tiratha. Evidence points to its having existed during the fourth century B.C. lake in the inhospitable surroundings of a desert is no less than a miracle.


The legend about the Creator God, Bramha describes the creation of this lake. When the demon Vajra Nabha killed Brahma's children, he in turn struck him with his weapon, a lotus flower. Vajra Nabha died with the impact, and the petals of the lotus fell at three places. One of them is Pushkar, where a lake sprung into being. Brahma is supposed to have performed sacrifice at this lake on Kartik Purnima (the full moon day of the Kartik month), hallowing the place. Sacred to Brahma, Pushkar boasts of its temple dedicated to him, which is the only one of its kind in the world. A dip in the waters of Pushkar and worship at his temple ensure salvation. So thousands flock to Pushkar to observe the ritual on kartik Purnima, or on any of the four days preceding it.


Pushkar boasts temples, though few are as ancient as you might expect at such an important pilgrimage site, since many were destroyed by Aurangzeb, a Mogul ruler and subsequently rebuilt. The most famous is the Brahma Temple, said to be the only temple in the world dedicated to this deity. It stands on a high plinth with the Marble steps leading up to it. A silver turtle is set on the floor facing the Sanctum-Sanctorum or Girbha-griha. Around the turtle the Marble floor is inset with hundreds of silver coins. Coins engraved with donors names are also embedded in the walls. Peacocks adorn the temple walls as they are supposed to be the vehicle of lord Brahma's consort Saraswati. A small image of the milkmaid Gayatri, flanks the four-faced image of lord Brahma and is called Chaumurti The sanctuary has silver doors inside a carved marble gateway.


Savitri Temple

The one-hour trek up to the hilltop Savitri Temple overlooking the lake is best made early in the morning; the view is magical.


Varah Temple

Originally built in the 12th century, Varah Temple was, like many others, destroyed by the bigoted Emperor Aurangzeb (who, it is said , was particularly upset by the huge idol here of Varah, the god with the body of a man and the head of the boar.) Reconstructed BY Raja Sawai Jai Singh II of Jaipur in 1727, the temple has an interesting and richly ornamented image house.


Mahadeva Temple

A Beautiful temple built in the 19th century, it was described by a British traveler of the time as "by far the most remarkable, for the elegance of its structure and the nature of its ornaments, of all the temples Pushkar boasts of." It is also noteworthy for its white marble Mahadeva image, with its five faces (and its traditional tufts of hair).


Ramavaikunth Temple
One of Pushkar's largest and most intricate temples, the Ramavaikunth Temple was built in the 1920's and has beautifully sculpted images of no less than 361 different deities. The ornate outer gopuram over the entrance is said to have been built by a team of masons specially brought here from south India.


Lake and Ghats

Many Ghats run down to the Holy Lake where pilgrims are constantly bathing in the holy waters. Joining people at the ghats has to be with some respect for their culture and privacy. And for this reason, removing shoes before approaching the ghats, no smoking and restraining from photographing bathing people is well avoided. The Pilgrims here are sensitive about comments by non-Hindus. The famed waters of the Pushkar lake wash away the sins of a lifetime.

The mystical water is also believed to cure skin diseases, making Pushkar the Lourdes of the East.


Pushkar Fair - Rituals and Traditions

These five days are a period of relaxation and merry-making for the villagers, despite being the busiest for them, as this is one of the largest cattle fairs in the country. Animals, mainly camels, are brought from miles around. Trading is brisk as several thousand heads of cattle exchange hands. All the camels are cleaned, washed, adorned, some are interestingly shorn to form patterns, and special stalls are set up selling finery and jewelry for the camels. Camels at the Pushkar fair are decorated with great care. They wear jewelry of silver and beads. There are silver bells and bangles around their ankles that jingle-jangle when they walk. An interesting ritual is the piercing of a camel's nose.

Races and competitions are organized. Camels lope across the sands sometimes throwing their riders on to the vast sands, amidst cheers and jeers from thousands of spectators. An interesting event is the camel beauty contest, where they are adorned and paraded. The camels preen before the crowds, enjoying every moment of the attention they get.

It is believed that for five days every year, all the gods visit Pushkar and bless the devout. This accounts for the unbelievable number of devotees who flock to the lake to wash away their sins.


Climate

Pushkar has an extreme climate. The maximum temperature during the summers can go up to 40-45°C while in the winters it can be below 10°C. There is not much rain during the monsoon. The best season to visit this place is in the winters (October to March).

Dargah Shariff of Hazrat Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti is indeed an ornament to the city of Ajmer. It is one of the holiest places of worship in India not only for the Muslims but also for the people of other faiths who hold the saint the high esteem and reverence. As mentioned previously. The Khwaja Saheb, as a ‘living spirit’ of peace and harmony, enjoys universal respect and devotion ever since he set his holy feet on the soil of Hindustan.

He has unquestionably been one of the greatest spiritual redeemers of human sufferings. To the faithful and afflicted souls invoking his blessing, he has ever been a never-failing source of moral strength and spiritual enlightenment. Apart from the common people, even the mighty kings of India, both Hindu and Muslim, have paid submissive homage to the great saint and have sought his miraculous aid to solve their problems. The precious buildings and various rich endowments dedicated to the Dargah of Khwaja Saheb are living memorials to and reminders of his continued patronage enjoyed by the people of India throughout the past 750 years.

In year 2008 the 794th Urs of the Master was celebrated. Scholars agree that the probable date of Khwaja saheb’s birth is around April 1143 A.D.( Hijri 537).He was born in village Sanjar of the Sistan province of present Iran.Is father’s name was Ghyas-ud-din Hassan and his mother’s name was Bibi Mah-e-noor.At the tender age of 14,he lost his mother and then his father in quick succession.Khwaja saheb is also known as “Sanjari” as his ancestors belonged to Sanjar.Khwaja Ishaq Shami,one of his predecessors settled in a hamlet called Chishti near Hirat.Hence the sect is also called Chishti.


He had two wives-Bibi Umutullah and Bibi Asmat.He was blessed with two sons- Fakhruddin and Hisamuddin. According to some historians however,he had only one daughter-Bibi Hafiza Jamal.

It is believed that Khwaja Saheb had a vision of Ajmer in a dream while in Madina, and he also received the spiritual inspiration to come here.Khwaja saheb lived the life of a saint and a renuncient.He renounced all worldly desires refraining from even a full meal.After spending a number of days without a morsel,the master would then have a few dry rotis, dipped in water. It is said that the saint spent his entire life wearing just one garment. When his apparel would give way,he would simply hem a patch over the torn place.So many patches were sewn in to the cloth that when it was weighed after his demise, it turned out to be 12.5 sers( 11.265 Kgs.)


Khwaja saheb could read the entire Quran Sharif twice in twenty four hours.After namaz at night,he would enter his Hujra and would remain immersed in the cosmic bliss the whole night.At day break,he would emerge again from his humble abode.
The saint left his mortal frame in 1233 A.D.( Hijri 633) after attaining the age of 97 years.Centuries after his demise, his teachings are still a source of guidance and inspiration for mankind.

Rajasthan is a wonderful land of praiseworthy history and culture. It is a land where the awe-inspiring legends of heroism and romance still resonate from its equally amazing architectures. Rajasthan is a land where historical monuments still stand to tell the tale of the bygone era. The magical land of Rajasthan exhibits splendor and royalty in every walk of life. The fascination of Rajasthan is unparallel in the world for its legacy, traditions, culture, safaris, sand dunes and lush green forests with its wildlife. It is truly said that Rajasthan is a huge open-air museum with artifact so well preserved for the travelers and the inquisitive of the day.

Rajasthan is a destination where one can find wonderful blend of natural beauty, amazing history and amazing lifestyle of Rajasthani people seeped in an age-old tradition. The magical land of Rajasthan is gifted with invincible forts, magnificient palaces, waves of sand dunes and serene lakes. Rajasthan is a destination which enchants the visitors with its magical charm. In fact, everything about Rajasthan is breathtakingly amazing. It offers everything what a tourist can ask for?

History of Rajasthan

Among 28 states of the sub-continent of India Rajasthan is one. The capital of Rajasthan is Jaipur which is also popularly known as the Pink City. The history of Rajasthan is so rich that every roadside village has its own tales of heroism and sacrifice.

Ancient Period, up to 1200 AD

During the period of 700 AD Rajput clans emerged and began to spread their influence and hold control over different parts of Rajasthan. Before emergence of Rajput clans, Rajasthan was a part of several small states. It was a part of Mauryan Empire. Malavas, Hunas, Guptas, Satraps, Saka, Kushans, Yaudhyas, Arjunyas, Malavas are some other republics which dominated this region.

In the history of Rajput clans dominance was during the period from the 8th to the 12th century AD. During the period of 750-1000 AD, Rajasthan and most of northern India was ruled by the Pratihars. During the period of 1000-1200 AD, the historical land of Rajasthan witnessed the struggle for dominance between Chlukyas, Chauhans and Parmars.

Medieval Period, 1201 - 1707

During period of 1200 AD major part of Rajasthan came under Muslim rulers. Nagaur and Ajmer were main centres of their powers. Ranthambhor was also under their control. From the beginning of the 13th century Mewar was emerged as the most powerful and prominent state of Rajasthan.

Modern Period, 1707 - 1947

Before the domination of Mughal emperor Akbar, Rajasthan had politically never been united. It was Akbar who established a united province of Rajasthan. The declination of Mughal power started after 1707. On the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Marathas entered Rajasthan.

In 1755 Marathas controlled over Ajmer. During this period the Pindaris also attacked Rajasthan. In 1817-18 the British Government concluded agreements of alliance with almost all the stated of Rajputana. This British established their rule over Rajasthan and that time Rajasthan was called Rajputana.

Before independence Rajasthan was called as Rajputana. After independence in 1947 it attained its present name Rajasthan.


Culture of Rajasthan

When we talk about Rajasthan at first come in our mind is its proud culture. Our discussion is incomplete without paying some words for its culture. Rajasthan is globally known for its rich and proud culture. In fact, one of the most prime reasons why Rajasthan is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world is no doubt its rich and proud culture. The desert state of Rajasthan is best known for its exotic and rich culture that still remains intact. Its strict devotion to the tradition and culture is really noteworthy. Rajasthani people are very fond of colourful costumes. Rajasthani men’s love for colourful turbans and Rajasthani women’s love for ornaments like colourful bangles, anklet, armlet, rings and earrings as well as full Ghaghra (Skirt) are well-known.

Everything of Rajasthan like interesting paintings, soulful music, colourful handicrafts, folk dance & music, religion, resplendent fairs & festivals and breathtaking art & architecture show the rich culture of Rajasthan.

Hindi is widely spoken in all over in Rajasthan but there are also local dialects in Rajasthan. These are Jaipuri, Marwari, Mewati, Malwi and Rajasthani. There are also English speaking people in the cities of Rajasthan. Hindi is the official language of Rajasthan.


Music and Dance are the important part of Rajasthani culture. For the Rajasthani people celebration is a way of life. Every region of Rajasthan has its own music and dance. The Kalbeliya dance from Jaisalmer and Ghoomer dance from Udaipur are well-known around the world and have universally fame. Folk music and folk dance are the vital part of Rajasthani culture. Folk music and folk dance show the past glory, legends, chivalry and history of the region.

Fairs and festivals of Rajasthan are the best way to experience the exotic culture of Rajasthan. Fairs and festivals of Rajasthan such as Desert Festival, Pushkar Festival, etc, add more colours and liveliness to the lives of Rajasthani people. Most of the festivals in Rajasthan include exotic activities like camel & elephant processions, camel & elephant races, folk performance and many more.

Apart from fairs and festivals of Rajasthan, forts and palaces of Rajasthan also show the exotic culture of Rajasthan and narrate the saga of bygone era. Really the desert land of Rajasthan is a perfect place for culture vultures.



Handicrafts of Rajasthan

One of the most colourful regions in India Rajasthan is a land which is endowed with invincible forts, splendid palaces, waves of sand dunes and serene lakes. One can observe an unusual diversity in the state of Rajasthan in its all forms – life style of people, culture, traditions, customs, costumes, cuisine, dialects and music. But Rajasthan is famous not only for its magnificent monuments but also for handicrafts.

Popularity of Rajasthani handicrafts is not only in India but also all over the world. The handicrafts of Rajasthan are famous for its variety, the use of lively colours, exception artistic work which all show the tradition and culture of Rajasthan.

Some of important Rajasthani Handicrafts are following

Wooden Handcrafted Furniture: - Rajasthan is famous for wooden handcrafted furniture. Specially, Barmer and Jodhpur are famous for the craft of wooden furniture. Kishangarh and Shekhawati have their own style of ornate furniture.

Blue Pottery: - Rajasthan is famous for blue pottery articles. Blue pottery is an art which has its origins in Persia. Some blue pottery articles are flower base, surahis, pots and jars, lampstands, doorknobs and other household items.

Metal Crafts: - Rajasthan is also famous for metal crafts. During one’s Rajasthan tour one can see and purchase various type of beautiful metal craft items such as figurines, pill boxes, brass enameled swords & shields and other useful items.

Textile: - Rajasthan is popular for its die technique. Dyed and block printed fabric of Rajasthan are very popular.

Jewelry: - The desert land of Rajasthan is rich in jewelry. Every region of Rajasthan has its own unique style of wearing ornaments. In the state of Rajasthan men are also very fond of ornaments as well as women. During one’s Rajasthan tour one can see and purchase traditional Rajasthani jewelry.

Leather-ware: - Rajasthan is famous for designer Jooties with embroidered uppers, designer leather hand bags and other leather items.

Miniature paintings: - Rajasthan is also famous for its exotic paintings. The paintings of Rajasthan are lively and multi-hued.


People of Rajasthan

The Rajasthanis are energetic people who have tendency to enjoy every moment of life. They know how to enjoy their life better. Their life is full of happiness which is filled by the enchanting fairs and festivals that they celebrate with full zeal & cheerfulness. Generally Rajasthanis are simple. They are untouched with the fast pace of modern times. These factors make Rajasthan one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.

Rajasthani women are famous for their gorgeousness and beauty. The beauty of legendary Maharani Padmini Devi of Chittaurgarh and Maharai Gayatri Devi, present day Rajmata of Jaipur is famous all over the world. History says that Alauddin Khilji, the Sultan of Delhi, was so obsessed with the beauty of Maharani Padmini Devi that he attacked over the Chittaurgarh for her hand but he did not succeed.

Maharani Gayatri Devi was considered to be amongst the ten most beautiful women in the world in her heydays. And her beauty has not reduced one bit till today. Rajasthani women are symbol of truth, dignity and beauty.

Rajasthani women are very fond of colourful clothes and jewellery. Like women Rajasthani men are also very fond of colourful costumes and jewellery. Each category of Rajasthani people either they are village folks or Rajas & Ranis; they love to put on colourful costumes and wear jewellery.

Rajasthan men folk are very fond of Turban tying. They wear colourful Turban on their head. Turban tying is a unique practice of Rajasthan. There are about more than 1000 different styles and types of Turbans in Rajasthan. It is said that at every 1 km the style and type of turban becomes changed.

People use specific turbans on specific occasions. In past years, the profession of the people decided the caste of the people. Rajasthan is a land where people of various castes and sub-castes reside. Rajputs are the major residents of Rajasthan. The other castes of Rajputs are Brahmins and Vaishyas.








Some broad categories in which the people of Rajasthan can be classified:

Rajput – The Warrior Class
Brahmins – The Priest Class
Marwari and Jains – The Trader Class
Jats and Bishnois – The Pastoral Class
Muslims – The Craftsman Class
The Tribals
Nomads – The people with no homes

Climate Of Rajasthan

The climate of Rajasthan varies with the seasons of the year. There are fours seasons in Rajasthan – summer, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. In summer the weather of Rajasthan is very hot and in winter very chilly.

Summer – April to June
Monsoon – Late June to September
Post-monsoon – October to November
Winter – December to March

Except summer the magical land of Rajasthan can be visited any time through the year. But the best time to visit Rajasthan is during the month of winter when the climate of Rajasthan is very pleasant. Visiting Rajasthan in monsoon is also a unique experience. One can enjoy the best of natural beauty of Rajasthan on camel safari in Rajasthan desert only in monsoon.
Mount Abu, the only hill station of Rajasthan, can be visited in summer. Mount Abu has very pleasant and cool climate through the year even in summer.

Places To Visit in Rajasthan

Ajmer
Alwar
Bikaner
Bharatpur
Jaipur
Jaisalmer
Jodhpur
Udaipur

Some Frequently Visited Sites in Rajasthan

Amber Fort
Bishnoi Village
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
Bundi Fort
City Palace
Dargah of Khwaja Garib Nawaz Ajmer
Deeg Palace
Dilwara Temple
Hawa Mahal
Jaisalmer Fort
Jal Mahal
Kumbalgarh
Mehrangarh Fort
Puskar
Ranakpur Jain Temples
Ranthambore National Park
Shekhawati Havelis
Sariska National Park


Important Telephone Numbers

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Govt. Tourist Offices

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Common Dos and Don'ts for Rajasthan Travel

• Don't forget to lock your hotel room before going outside for the purpose of sightseeing or shopping.

• Never take a lift from a person you don't know. Women and those who are roaming around after dark should specially follow this advice.

• Whenever you go out of your hotel room, do not carry excess cash with you.

• Also, keep your jewelry and other expensive items locked in your hotel room, along with your passport and return tickets.

• Don't allow any unknown person to enter into your hotel room.

• Always prefer to take taxis and auto rickshaws from prepaid booths or kiosks. In the other case, negotiate on the fare beforehand only.

• Don't check into a hotel or guesthouse suggested by the taxi or auto rickshaw driver.

• Do not consume drinks or eatables offered any an unknown person.

• Go for shopping only in reputed or respectable shops.

• Exchange your currency only from authorized money exchangers and don't forget to take a receipt.

• It is advisable not to wear too revealing or scanty clothing.

• Don't stay out after it gets too dark.